2014-8-20 · The block cave mining mechanism and associated subsidence present one of the most challenging engineering problems in rock mining. Although block caving has been in use for many years, there has been limited research on the impact caving angles have on surface settlement and failure profiles, specifically when associated with deep caves and surface propagation (i.e., not as part of …
Contact us8.4.2a Block Caving. This method, which was developed in the U.S. after WW I, is well suited for mining in weak orebodies. Panels or blocks of ore are undercut. Once undercut, the weak orebody begins to cave under its own weight. The caved ore is drawn off through draw points.
Contact us2019-9-4 · The intention of this case study is to discuss methods for raising the production rate of future block caving mines to 160,000 tonnes per day. Compared to current block cave mines, this output rate requires an enormous increase of the reaping rate. It would also require an extremely large footprint using conventional mining methods.
Contact us2012-6-5 · late Nineteenth Century (Brown, 2003). There are several different methods of cave mining, including block, panel, sublevel and inclined. This thesis focuses specifically on block/panel caving, in which an ore column of finite width, length and height is drawn from a …
Contact us2017-9-14 · especially in the case of MILP problems. Mining optimization models available in the literature have been developed for block-cave mines, but they solve only a partial type of planning problem. The literature on draw rate models based on the production rate curve (PRC) for block-caving operations is relatively new.
Contact us2020-3-24 · continuous process. Block caving offers lower operating costs than many open pit mining methods and, in many cases, lower environmental impacts. However, it is very capital- ... Like block cave mining, panel caving offers low operating costs, and lower development costs due …
Contact usBlock caving is a mining method that can achieve high extraction rates and low operational costs.1, 2 The caving process transforms the initially in situ rock into broken rock, which flows by the action of gravity towards the drawpoints. ... Cave mining: 16 years after Laubscher''s 1994 paper "Cave mining …
Contact us2017-3-16 · Block caving is an extreme case of sublevel caving in which instead of a back of ore 5 to 10 ft. thick, one 50 ft. thick is undermined and allowed to cave. The method is illustrated in Fig. 7. After the bottom of the block, or panel, is cut up into pillars by …
Contact us2016-8-25 · Typical flow mechanisms in a block cave. (Diering 2007) The understanding and impact of these mechanisms dominates a large part of the dilution and ore reserve calculations in a block cave mine. The three primary ones are likely to be vertical mixing, rilling and erosion mechanisms.
Contact us2014-11-25 · Cave mining — 16 years after Laubscher''s 1994 paper ''Cave mining – state of the art'' G.P. Chitombo Sustainable Minerals Institute, The University of Queensland, Australia Abstract This paper supplements a keynote address prepared for the 2010 Second International Symposium on Block and Sublevel Caving.
Contact us2010-8-26 · An overview of block caving operation and available methods for production scheduling of block cave mines Yashar Pourrahimian and Hooman Askari-Nasab Mining Optimization Laboratory (MOL) University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada . Abstract Long-term mine scheduling is among one of the optimization problems. Block caving technique is a
Contact usBlock caving is an underground hard rock mining method that involves undermining an ore body, allowing it to progressively collapse under its own weight. It is the underground version of open pit mining. In block caving, …
Contact usOur operations are made up of an underground block cave mine, a sub-level cave and an ore processing plant which produces copper concentrate for export. Northparkes is a copper and gold mine located 27 kilometres north-west of Parkes, in the Central West of New South Wales, Australia.
Contact us2010-8-26 · Long-term mine scheduling is among one of the optimization problems. Block caving technique is a mass mining method in which gravity is used in combination with internal rock stresses to fracture and break the rock mass into pieces that can be handled by miners. This method is normally applied to large, low-grade ore-bodies because of its low production cost and high capacity. In this paper, first, production scheduling methods for underground mining are reviewed and then, block caving method is described. Afterwards, available mathematical models of block cave …
Contact usUnderstanding the caving process and material flow is fundamental to block and sublevel cave mining, and. also longwall mining in sedimentary deposits. However, due to complexity of the structure ofthe rock mass. and its behaviour, the caving process is rarely understood and cannot be described by simple mathematical. models.
Contact us2014-2-1 · The Rock Flow system comprises of several components, all centrally controlled from a remote location - the Rock Feeder RF300 to remove ore from the drawpoint, the Rock Mover RM900 (a newly developed chain conveyor) to feed ore into a crusher and an automation unit to control and smooth the production process. Block cave mining is a mass ...
Contact usAbstract: Understanding cave induced seismicity is important to better understanding the processes of block cave mining. This seismicity is a natural process indicating that the cave is progressing and is connected with rock mass fracturing ahead of the undercut and propagating cave.
Contact us2020-8-25 · 1.6. Longwall Mining 1.7. Sublevel Caving 1.8. Block Caving 2. Underground Mining Machinery Glossary Bibliography Biographical Sketches Summary The first section gives an overview of underg round mining methods and practices as used commonly in underground mines, including classification of underground mining
Contact us2021-7-22 · One of the Coroner''s recommendations was that any mine operator intending to employ the process of block cave mining identify and analyse the elements of all the risks associated with its block cave operations. Mine operators should also develop and maintain hazard management procedures for the management of the void above the muckpile, the ...
Contact us2020-3-25 · UBC introduced web based Cave Mining Forum. Cave Mining Cu-Au Porphyry. There are over 45 cave mining projects in various stages of studies and development around the world. Cave mining methods will be the underground method of choice in the future. It is only relatively recent that this mass mining method, despite 70 years of use, has begun ...
Contact us2020-10-27 · Grasberg Block Cave (GBC) Mine is a business unit of PT. Freeport Indonesia (PTFI) consisting of a large copper and gold orebody that is being mined utilising the block caving method. The GBC mine started production in 2019 and is currently ramping up …
Contact us2020-10-21 · Block cave mining is based on the principle that when a sufficiently large area of a block has been undercut by drilling and blasting, the overlying block of ore will start to cave under the influence of gravity At the start the cave will propagate vertically, while subsequent mining from the initial block will result in a lateral extension of the caved area.
Contact us2014-10-23 · Figure from Hartman and Mutmansky, 2002. TOP OF OREBODY Surface OREBODY 74 Prof. Dr. H.Z. Harraz Presentation Mining Geology, Mining Methods 75. Block-cave mining: Mud-rushes –an under-reported hazard Mud-rushes are sudden inflows of mud from ore drawpoints (or other underground openings), in block-cave …
Contact us2020-2-24 · Block caving is a mining system which involves undermining an ore body and then allowing it to collapse under its own weight, a process that opens access to …
Contact us1 · Freeport Indonesia''s (PTFI) Grasberg Block Cave (GBC) operations in Indonesia, together with strong Redpath support, have successfully attained the milestone of constructing and blasting the 300th drawbell. The milestone, which occurred on June 30, 2021, came in a record time of only 2.5 years from the production start date, according to Redpath.
Contact usNezhadshahmohammad, F, Khodayari, F & Pourrahimian, Y 2017, ''Draw rate optimisation in block cave production scheduling using mathematical programming'', in M Hudyma & Y Potvin (eds), Proceedings of the First International Conference on Underground Mining …
Contact us2018-6-20 · The Block Cave Mining Method. Block caving is a large-scale underground mining method applicable to the extraction of low-grade, massive ore bodies. With the amount of literature available on block caving this report identifies the need to provide a simple understanding of the process. Understanding a production process of a block cave mine is ...
Contact usBlock caving: A new mining method arises | Geoengineer
Contact us· Block Caving is used to mine massive steeply dipping orebodies (typically low grade) with high friability. An undercut with haulage access is driven under the orebody, with "drawbells" excavated over the undercut. The drawbells serve as a place for caving rock to fall into.
Contact us· Block caving is a large-scale mining method that is particularly useful for mining low-grade or disseminated ore bodies which are at too great a depth to be exploited through open-cast mining. This mining technique gets its name from the layout of the mine …
Contact usThe role of block caving Although the caving mining system was initially used for shallow orebodies, it has recently been applied at depths of 2km underground. According to Suorineni, "caving heights have also increased drastically from about 200m to 500m", creating so-called ''super caves''."There is insufficient experience caving …
Contact us2017-9-14 · control of the production in long-term planning of a block-cave mine will ensure that the schedule of the drawing process within the cave moderates unwanted problems and preserve mining economics associated with production targets. Production control and implementation of an effective draw strategy once production commences need a
Contact us2019-8-19 · Block Caving - BC Has the potential to rival surface mining in production capacity and costs. Principle: "If a single enough area is undermined, any rock mass will eventually cave". With care, recoveries in the order of 120% with dilution held below 20% can be achieved.
Contact usPetra utilises this mining method to supplement block caving, in order to provide production flexibility. For example, at the Finsch mine sub-level caving is being used as part of the mine''s expansion programme to maintain underground production levels during the transition from the Block 4 cave to the Block 5 cave.
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